exec.go 13.6 KB
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516
// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// Package exec runs external commands. It wraps os.StartProcess to make it
// easier to remap stdin and stdout, connect I/O with pipes, and do other
// adjustments.
package exec

import (
	"bytes"
	"errors"
	"io"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"syscall"
)

// Error records the name of a binary that failed to be executed
// and the reason it failed.
type Error struct {
	Name string
	Err  error
}

func (e *Error) Error() string {
	return "exec: " + strconv.Quote(e.Name) + ": " + e.Err.Error()
}

// Cmd represents an external command being prepared or run.
//
// A Cmd cannot be reused after calling its Run, Output or CombinedOutput
// methods.
type Cmd struct {
	// Path is the path of the command to run.
	//
	// This is the only field that must be set to a non-zero
	// value. If Path is relative, it is evaluated relative
	// to Dir.
	Path string

	// Args holds command line arguments, including the command as Args[0].
	// If the Args field is empty or nil, Run uses {Path}.
	//
	// In typical use, both Path and Args are set by calling Command.
	Args []string

	// Env specifies the environment of the process.
	// If Env is nil, Run uses the current process's environment.
	Env []string

	// Dir specifies the working directory of the command.
	// If Dir is the empty string, Run runs the command in the
	// calling process's current directory.
	Dir string

	// Stdin specifies the process's standard input.
	// If Stdin is nil, the process reads from the null device (os.DevNull).
	// If Stdin is an *os.File, the process's standard input is connected
	// directly to that file.
	// Otherwise, during the execution of the command a separate
	// goroutine reads from Stdin and delivers that data to the command
	// over a pipe. In this case, Wait does not complete until the goroutine
	// stops copying, either because it has reached the end of Stdin
	// (EOF or a read error) or because writing to the pipe returned an error.
	Stdin io.Reader

	// Stdout and Stderr specify the process's standard output and error.
	//
	// If either is nil, Run connects the corresponding file descriptor
	// to the null device (os.DevNull).
	//
	// If Stdout and Stderr are the same writer, at most one
	// goroutine at a time will call Write.
	Stdout io.Writer
	Stderr io.Writer

	// ExtraFiles specifies additional open files to be inherited by the
	// new process. It does not include standard input, standard output, or
	// standard error. If non-nil, entry i becomes file descriptor 3+i.
	//
	// BUG(rsc): On OS X 10.6, child processes may sometimes inherit unwanted fds.
	// https://golang.org/issue/2603
	ExtraFiles []*os.File

	// SysProcAttr holds optional, operating system-specific attributes.
	// Run passes it to os.StartProcess as the os.ProcAttr's Sys field.
	SysProcAttr *syscall.SysProcAttr

	// Process is the underlying process, once started.
	Process *os.Process

	// ProcessState contains information about an exited process,
	// available after a call to Wait or Run.
	ProcessState *os.ProcessState

	lookPathErr     error // LookPath error, if any.
	finished        bool  // when Wait was called
	childFiles      []*os.File
	closeAfterStart []io.Closer
	closeAfterWait  []io.Closer
	goroutine       []func() error
	errch           chan error // one send per goroutine
}

// Command returns the Cmd struct to execute the named program with
// the given arguments.
//
// It sets only the Path and Args in the returned structure.
//
// If name contains no path separators, Command uses LookPath to
// resolve the path to a complete name if possible. Otherwise it uses
// name directly.
//
// The returned Cmd's Args field is constructed from the command name
// followed by the elements of arg, so arg should not include the
// command name itself. For example, Command("echo", "hello")
func Command(name string, arg ...string) *Cmd {
	cmd := &Cmd{
		Path: name,
		Args: append([]string{name}, arg...),
	}
	if filepath.Base(name) == name {
		if lp, err := LookPath(name); err != nil {
			cmd.lookPathErr = err
		} else {
			cmd.Path = lp
		}
	}
	return cmd
}

// interfaceEqual protects against panics from doing equality tests on
// two interfaces with non-comparable underlying types.
func interfaceEqual(a, b interface{}) bool {
	defer func() {
		recover()
	}()
	return a == b
}

func (c *Cmd) envv() []string {
	if c.Env != nil {
		return c.Env
	}
	return os.Environ()
}

func (c *Cmd) argv() []string {
	if len(c.Args) > 0 {
		return c.Args
	}
	return []string{c.Path}
}

// skipStdinCopyError optionally specifies a function which reports
// whether the provided the stdin copy error should be ignored.
// It is non-nil everywhere but Plan 9, which lacks EPIPE. See exec_posix.go.
var skipStdinCopyError func(error) bool

func (c *Cmd) stdin() (f *os.File, err error) {
	if c.Stdin == nil {
		f, err = os.Open(os.DevNull)
		if err != nil {
			return
		}
		c.closeAfterStart = append(c.closeAfterStart, f)
		return
	}

	if f, ok := c.Stdin.(*os.File); ok {
		return f, nil
	}

	pr, pw, err := os.Pipe()
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	c.closeAfterStart = append(c.closeAfterStart, pr)
	c.closeAfterWait = append(c.closeAfterWait, pw)
	c.goroutine = append(c.goroutine, func() error {
		_, err := io.Copy(pw, c.Stdin)
		if skip := skipStdinCopyError; skip != nil && skip(err) {
			err = nil
		}
		if err1 := pw.Close(); err == nil {
			err = err1
		}
		return err
	})
	return pr, nil
}

func (c *Cmd) stdout() (f *os.File, err error) {
	return c.writerDescriptor(c.Stdout)
}

func (c *Cmd) stderr() (f *os.File, err error) {
	if c.Stderr != nil && interfaceEqual(c.Stderr, c.Stdout) {
		return c.childFiles[1], nil
	}
	return c.writerDescriptor(c.Stderr)
}

func (c *Cmd) writerDescriptor(w io.Writer) (f *os.File, err error) {
	if w == nil {
		f, err = os.OpenFile(os.DevNull, os.O_WRONLY, 0)
		if err != nil {
			return
		}
		c.closeAfterStart = append(c.closeAfterStart, f)
		return
	}

	if f, ok := w.(*os.File); ok {
		return f, nil
	}

	pr, pw, err := os.Pipe()
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	c.closeAfterStart = append(c.closeAfterStart, pw)
	c.closeAfterWait = append(c.closeAfterWait, pr)
	c.goroutine = append(c.goroutine, func() error {
		_, err := io.Copy(w, pr)
		pr.Close() // in case io.Copy stopped due to write error
		return err
	})
	return pw, nil
}

func (c *Cmd) closeDescriptors(closers []io.Closer) {
	for _, fd := range closers {
		fd.Close()
	}
}

// Run starts the specified command and waits for it to complete.
//
// The returned error is nil if the command runs, has no problems
// copying stdin, stdout, and stderr, and exits with a zero exit
// status.
//
// If the command fails to run or doesn't complete successfully, the
// error is of type *ExitError. Other error types may be
// returned for I/O problems.
func (c *Cmd) Run() error {
	if err := c.Start(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return c.Wait()
}

// lookExtensions finds windows executable by its dir and path.
// It uses LookPath to try appropriate extensions.
// lookExtensions does not search PATH, instead it converts `prog` into `.\prog`.
func lookExtensions(path, dir string) (string, error) {
	if filepath.Base(path) == path {
		path = filepath.Join(".", path)
	}
	if dir == "" {
		return LookPath(path)
	}
	if filepath.VolumeName(path) != "" {
		return LookPath(path)
	}
	if len(path) > 1 && os.IsPathSeparator(path[0]) {
		return LookPath(path)
	}
	dirandpath := filepath.Join(dir, path)
	// We assume that LookPath will only add file extension.
	lp, err := LookPath(dirandpath)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	ext := strings.TrimPrefix(lp, dirandpath)
	return path + ext, nil
}

// Start starts the specified command but does not wait for it to complete.
//
// The Wait method will return the exit code and release associated resources
// once the command exits.
func (c *Cmd) Start() error {
	if c.lookPathErr != nil {
		c.closeDescriptors(c.closeAfterStart)
		c.closeDescriptors(c.closeAfterWait)
		return c.lookPathErr
	}
	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
		lp, err := lookExtensions(c.Path, c.Dir)
		if err != nil {
			c.closeDescriptors(c.closeAfterStart)
			c.closeDescriptors(c.closeAfterWait)
			return err
		}
		c.Path = lp
	}
	if c.Process != nil {
		return errors.New("exec: already started")
	}

	type F func(*Cmd) (*os.File, error)
	for _, setupFd := range []F{(*Cmd).stdin, (*Cmd).stdout, (*Cmd).stderr} {
		fd, err := setupFd(c)
		if err != nil {
			c.closeDescriptors(c.closeAfterStart)
			c.closeDescriptors(c.closeAfterWait)
			return err
		}
		c.childFiles = append(c.childFiles, fd)
	}
	c.childFiles = append(c.childFiles, c.ExtraFiles...)

	var err error
	c.Process, err = os.StartProcess(c.Path, c.argv(), &os.ProcAttr{
		Dir:   c.Dir,
		Files: c.childFiles,
		Env:   c.envv(),
		Sys:   c.SysProcAttr,
	})
	if err != nil {
		c.closeDescriptors(c.closeAfterStart)
		c.closeDescriptors(c.closeAfterWait)
		return err
	}

	c.closeDescriptors(c.closeAfterStart)

	c.errch = make(chan error, len(c.goroutine))
	for _, fn := range c.goroutine {
		go func(fn func() error) {
			c.errch <- fn()
		}(fn)
	}

	return nil
}

// An ExitError reports an unsuccessful exit by a command.
type ExitError struct {
	*os.ProcessState
}

func (e *ExitError) Error() string {
	return e.ProcessState.String()
}

// Wait waits for the command to exit.
// It must have been started by Start.
//
// The returned error is nil if the command runs, has no problems
// copying stdin, stdout, and stderr, and exits with a zero exit
// status.
//
// If the command fails to run or doesn't complete successfully, the
// error is of type *ExitError. Other error types may be
// returned for I/O problems.
//
// If c.Stdin is not an *os.File, Wait also waits for the I/O loop
// copying from c.Stdin into the process's standard input
// to complete.
//
// Wait releases any resources associated with the Cmd.
func (c *Cmd) Wait() error {
	if c.Process == nil {
		return errors.New("exec: not started")
	}
	if c.finished {
		return errors.New("exec: Wait was already called")
	}
	c.finished = true
	state, err := c.Process.Wait()
	c.ProcessState = state

	var copyError error
	for range c.goroutine {
		if err := <-c.errch; err != nil && copyError == nil {
			copyError = err
		}
	}

	c.closeDescriptors(c.closeAfterWait)

	if err != nil {
		return err
	} else if !state.Success() {
		return &ExitError{state}
	}

	return copyError
}

// Output runs the command and returns its standard output.
func (c *Cmd) Output() ([]byte, error) {
	if c.Stdout != nil {
		return nil, errors.New("exec: Stdout already set")
	}
	var b bytes.Buffer
	c.Stdout = &b
	err := c.Run()
	return b.Bytes(), err
}

// CombinedOutput runs the command and returns its combined standard
// output and standard error.
func (c *Cmd) CombinedOutput() ([]byte, error) {
	if c.Stdout != nil {
		return nil, errors.New("exec: Stdout already set")
	}
	if c.Stderr != nil {
		return nil, errors.New("exec: Stderr already set")
	}
	var b bytes.Buffer
	c.Stdout = &b
	c.Stderr = &b
	err := c.Run()
	return b.Bytes(), err
}

// StdinPipe returns a pipe that will be connected to the command's
// standard input when the command starts.
// The pipe will be closed automatically after Wait sees the command exit.
// A caller need only call Close to force the pipe to close sooner.
// For example, if the command being run will not exit until standard input
// is closed, the caller must close the pipe.
func (c *Cmd) StdinPipe() (io.WriteCloser, error) {
	if c.Stdin != nil {
		return nil, errors.New("exec: Stdin already set")
	}
	if c.Process != nil {
		return nil, errors.New("exec: StdinPipe after process started")
	}
	pr, pw, err := os.Pipe()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	c.Stdin = pr
	c.closeAfterStart = append(c.closeAfterStart, pr)
	wc := &closeOnce{File: pw}
	c.closeAfterWait = append(c.closeAfterWait, wc)
	return wc, nil
}

type closeOnce struct {
	*os.File

	once sync.Once
	err  error
}

func (c *closeOnce) Close() error {
	c.once.Do(c.close)
	return c.err
}

func (c *closeOnce) close() {
	c.err = c.File.Close()
}

// StdoutPipe returns a pipe that will be connected to the command's
// standard output when the command starts.
//
// Wait will close the pipe after seeing the command exit, so most callers
// need not close the pipe themselves; however, an implication is that
// it is incorrect to call Wait before all reads from the pipe have completed.
// For the same reason, it is incorrect to call Run when using StdoutPipe.
// See the example for idiomatic usage.
func (c *Cmd) StdoutPipe() (io.ReadCloser, error) {
	if c.Stdout != nil {
		return nil, errors.New("exec: Stdout already set")
	}
	if c.Process != nil {
		return nil, errors.New("exec: StdoutPipe after process started")
	}
	pr, pw, err := os.Pipe()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	c.Stdout = pw
	c.closeAfterStart = append(c.closeAfterStart, pw)
	c.closeAfterWait = append(c.closeAfterWait, pr)
	return pr, nil
}

// StderrPipe returns a pipe that will be connected to the command's
// standard error when the command starts.
//
// Wait will close the pipe after seeing the command exit, so most callers
// need not close the pipe themselves; however, an implication is that
// it is incorrect to call Wait before all reads from the pipe have completed.
// For the same reason, it is incorrect to use Run when using StderrPipe.
// See the StdoutPipe example for idiomatic usage.
func (c *Cmd) StderrPipe() (io.ReadCloser, error) {
	if c.Stderr != nil {
		return nil, errors.New("exec: Stderr already set")
	}
	if c.Process != nil {
		return nil, errors.New("exec: StderrPipe after process started")
	}
	pr, pw, err := os.Pipe()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	c.Stderr = pw
	c.closeAfterStart = append(c.closeAfterStart, pw)
	c.closeAfterWait = append(c.closeAfterWait, pr)
	return pr, nil
}