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# ====================== firmware container ======================
# ---- Dahua Container ----
0 string DH\003\004 dahua firmware image
!:mime firmware/dahua
# ---- ROS Container ----
24 string \x50\x41\x43\x4b ROS Container
!:mime firmware/ros
# ---- TP-Link ----
# WR702N
20 string \x49\x4d\x47\x30\x00\x17 TP-Link WR702N Image
!:mime firmware/tp-wr702n
## the following firmware signatures originate to binwalk
#IMG0 header, found in VxWorks-based Mercury router firmware
0 string IMG0 IMG0 (VxWorks) header,
>4 belong <1 {invalid}
>4 belong x size: %d
#Mediatek bootloader signature
#From xp-dev.com
0 string BOOTLOADER! Mediatek bootloader
#CSYS header formats
0 string CSYS\x00 CSYS header, little endian,
>8 lelong x size: %d
0 string CSYS\x80 CSYS header, big endian,
>8 belong x size: %d
# wrgg firmware image
0 string wrgg02 WRGG firmware header,
>6 string x name: "%s",
>48 string x root device: "%s"
# ---- NETGEAR ----
# TRX/CHK
58 string HDR0 TRX firmware,
!:mime firmware/trx
>51 string NETGEAR vendor: Netgear,
>62 lelong <1 {invalid}
>62 ulelong x image size: %d bytes,
>66 ulelong x CRC32: 0x%X,
>70 uleshort x flags: 0x%X,
>72 uleshort !1
>>72 uleshort !2 {invalid}
>72 uleshort 2 version: %d, header size: 32 bytes,
>>74 ulelong x loader offset: 0x%X,
>>78 ulelong x linux kernel offset: 0x%X,
>>82 ulelong x rootfs offset: 0x%X,
>>86 ulelong x bin-header offset: 0x%X
>72 uleshort 1 version: %d, header size: 28 bytes,
>>74 ulelong x loader offset: 0x%X,
>>78 ulelong x linux kernel offset: 0x%X,
>>82 ulelong x rootfs offset: 0x%X
# trx image file
0 string HDR0 TRX firmware header, little endian,
!:mime firmware/trx
>4 lelong <1 {invalid}
>4 ulelong x image size: %d bytes,
>8 ulelong x CRC32: 0x%X,
>12 uleshort x flags: 0x%X,
>14 uleshort !1
>>14 uleshort !2 {invalid}
>14 uleshort 2 version: %d, header size: 32 bytes,
>>16 ulelong x loader offset: 0x%X,
>>20 ulelong x linux kernel offset: 0x%X,
>>24 ulelong x rootfs offset: 0x%X,
>>28 ulelong x bin-header offset: 0x%X
>14 uleshort 1 version: %d, header size: 28 bytes,
>>16 ulelong x loader offset: 0x%X,
>>20 ulelong x linux kernel offset: 0x%X,
>>24 ulelong x rootfs offset: 0x%X
14 string U2ND BIN-Header,
>4 ulelong !0 {invalid}
>22 string !\x00*10 {invalid}
>0 string x board ID: %.4s,
>18 ubyte 0 hardware version: 4702,
>18 ubyte 1 hardware version: 4712,
>18 ubyte 2 hardware version: 4712L,
>18 ubyte 3 hardware version: 4704,
>18 ubyte >3 hardware version: unknown (code: 0x%.2X),
>11 ubyte x firmware version: %d.
>12 ubyte x \b%d.
>12 ubyte x \b%d,
>8 ubyte <80
>>8 ubyte x build date: 20%.2d-
>8 ubyte >79
>>8 ubyte x build date: 19%.2d-
>9 ubyte x \b%.2d-
>10 ubyte x \b%.2d
# Ubicom firmware image
0 belong 0xFA320080 Ubicom firmware header,
!:mime firmware/ubicom
>12 ubelong x checksum: 0x%X,
>24 belong <0 {invalid}
>24 belong x image size: %d
# The ROME bootloader is used by several RealTek-based products.
# Unfortunately, the magic bytes are specific to each product, so
# separate signatures must be created for each one.
# Netgear KWGR614 ROME image
0 string G614 Realtek firmware header, ROME bootloader,
!:mime firmware/realtek
>4 beshort 0xd92f image type: KFS,
>4 beshort 0xb162 image type: RDIR,
>4 beshort 0xea43 image type: BOOT,
>4 beshort 0x8dc9 image type: RUN,
>4 beshort 0x2a05 image type: CCFG,
>4 beshort 0x6ce8 image type: DCFG,
>4 beshort 0xc371 image type: LOG,
>6 byte x header version: %d,
>10 ubyte >12 {invalid} month
>12 ubyte >31 {invalid} day
>8 ubeshort >3000 {invalid} year
#month
>10 byte x created: %d/
#day
>12 byte x \b%d/
#year
>8 beshort x \b%d,
>16 belong x image size: %d bytes,
>22 ubyte x body checksum: 0x%X,
>23 ubyte x header checksum: 0x%X
# Linksys WRT54GX ROME image
0 belong 0x59a0e842 Realtek firmware header, ROME bootloader,
!:mime firmware/realtek
>4 ubeshort 0xd92f image type: KFS,
>4 ubeshort 0xb162 image type: RDIR,
>4 ubeshort 0xea43 image type: BOOT,
>4 ubeshort 0x8dc9 image type: RUN,
>4 ubeshort 0x2a05 image type: CCFG,
>4 ubeshort 0x6ce8 image type: DCFG,
>4 ubeshort 0xc371 image type: LOG,
>6 byte x header version: %d,
>10 ubyte >12 {invalid}invalid month
>12 ubyte >31 {invalid}invalid day
>8 ubeshort >3000 {invalid}invalid year
#month
>10 byte x created: %d/
#day
>12 byte x \b%d/
#year
>8 beshort x \b%d,
>16 belong x image size: %d bytes,
>22 ubyte x body checksum: 0x%X,
>23 ubyte x header checksum: 0x%X
# PackImg tag, somtimes used as a delimiter between the kernel and rootfs in firmware images.
0 string --PaCkImGs PackImg section delimiter tag,
>10 string !-- {invalid}
# If the size in both big and little endian is greater than 512MB, consider this a false positive
>16 ulelong >0x20000000
>>16 ubelong >0x20000000 {invalid}
>16 lelong <0
>>16 belong <0 {invalid}
>16 lelong >0
>>16 lelong x little endian size: %d bytes;
>16 belong >0
>>16 belong x big endian size: %d bytes
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Broadcom header format
#
0 string BCRM Broadcom header,
!:mime firmware/broadcom
>4 lelong <0 {invalid}
>4 lelong x number of sections: %d,
>>8 lelong 18 first section type: flash
>>8 lelong 19 first section type: disk
>>8 lelong 21 first section type: tag
# Another Broadcom firmware header...
# The header seems to be always 0x100 bytes length and there is more information than the one displayed (not sure about the meaning).
# Used for example in the EchoLife HG556a router
0x0 string \x38\x00\x00\x00 Broadcom firmware header
>0x4 string !Broadcom Corporatio {invalid}
>0x18 string x %s.
>0x8E string x Model: %s.
>0xA2 string x Firmware version: %s.
# Berkeley Lab Checkpoint Restart (BLCR) checkpoint context files
# http://ftg.lbl.gov/checkpoint
0 string Ck0\0\0R\0\0\0 BLCR
>16 lelong 0 {invalid}
>16 ulelong >7 {invalid}
>16 lelong 1 x86
>16 lelong 3 alpha
>16 lelong 5 x86-64
>16 lelong 7 ARM
>8 lelong x context data (little endian, version %d)
0 string \0\0\0C\0\0\0R BLCR
>16 lelong <2 {invalid}
>16 ulelong >8 {invalid}
>16 belong 2 SPARC
>16 belong 4 ppc
>16 belong 6 ppc64
>16 belong 7 ARMEB
>16 belong 8 SPARC64
>8 belong x context data (big endian, version %d)
# Aculab VoIP firmware
# From: Mark Brown <broonie@sirena.org.uk>
0 string VoIP\x20Startup\x20and Aculab VoIP firmware
!:mime firmware/aculab
>35 string x format "%s"
# From Albert Cahalan <acahalan@gmail.com>
# really le32 operation,destination,payloadsize (but quite predictable)
# 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 c0 00 02 00 00
0 string \1\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\0\2\0\0 Marvell Libertas firmware
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The following entries have been tested by Duncan Laurie <duncan@sun.com> (a
# lead Sun/Cobalt developer) who agrees that they are good and worthy of
# inclusion.
# Boot ROM images for Sun/Cobalt Linux server appliances
0 string Cobalt\x20Networks\x20Inc.\nFirmware\x20v Paged COBALT boot rom
>38 string x V%.4s
# New format for Sun/Cobalt boot ROMs is annoying, it stores the version code
# at the very end where file(1) can't get it.
0 string CRfs COBALT boot rom data (Flat boot rom or file system)
#
# Motorola S-Records, from Gerd Truschinski <gt@freebsd.first.gmd.de>
# Useless until forther improvements can be made to the signature.
#0 string S0 Motorola S-Record; binary data in text format
#Windows CE Binary Image Data Format aka B000FF
#More information on the format:
#http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms924510.aspx
#http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=801167
0 string B000FF Windows CE image header,
>7 ulelong x image start: 0x%X,
>11 ulelong x image length: %d
#Windows CE RomImage
63 string \x00ECEC Windows CE memory segment header,
>4 ulelong x TOC address: 0x%X
# --------------------------------
# ZynOS ROM header format
# From openwrt zynos.h.
6 string SIG ZynOS header, header size: 48 bytes,
!:mime firmware/zynos
>3 byte <0x7F rom image type:
>>3 byte <1 {invalid},
>>3 byte >7 {invalid},
>>3 byte 1 ROMIMG,
>>3 byte 2 ROMBOOT,
>>3 byte 3 BOOTEXT,
>>3 byte 4 ROMBIN,
>>3 byte 5 ROMDIR,
>>3 byte 6 6,
>>3 byte 7 ROMMAP,
>3 byte >0x7F ram image type:
>>3 byte >0x82 {invalid},
>>3 byte 0x80 RAM,
>>3 byte 0x81 RAMCODE,
>>3 byte 0x82 RAMBOOT,
>4 ubelong >0x40000000 {invalid}
>4 belong <0 {invalid}
>4 belong 0 {invalid}
>4 belong x uncompressed size: %d,
>8 belong >0x40000000 {invalid}
>8 belong <0 {invalid}
>8 belong 0 {invalid}
>8 belong x compressed size: %d,
>14 ubeshort x uncompressed checksum: 0x%X,
>16 ubeshort x compressed checksum: 0x%X,
>12 ubyte x flags: 0x%X,
>12 byte &0x40 uncompressed checksum is valid,
>12 ubyte &0x80 the binary is compressed,
>>12 byte &0x20 compressed checksum is valid,
>35 ubelong x memory map table address: 0x%X
# Firmware header used by some VxWorks-based Cisco products
0 string CI032.00 Cisco VxWorks firmware header,
!:mime firmware/ros
>8 lelong >1024 {invalid}
>8 lelong <0 {invalid}
>8 lelong x header size: %d bytes,
>32 lelong >1024 {invalid}
>32 lelong <0 {invalid}
>32 lelong x number of files: %d,
>48 lelong <0 {invalid}
>48 lelong x image size: %d,
>64 string x firmware version: "%s"
# Firmware header used by some TV's
0 string FNIB ZBOOT firmware header, header size: 32 bytes,
>8 ulelong x load address: 0x%.8X,
>12 ulelong x start address: 0x%.8X,
>16 ulelong x checksum: 0x%.8X,
>20 ulelong x version: 0x%.8X,
>24 lelong <1 {invalid}
>24 ulelong x image size: %d bytes
# Firmware header used by several D-Link routers (and probably others)
0 string \x5e\xa3\xa4\x17 DLOB firmware header,{jump:108}
!:mime firmware/dlob
>(7.b+12) string !\x5e\xa3\xa4\x17 {invalid},
#>>12 string x %s,
>(7.b+40) string x boot partition: "%s"
# TP-Link firmware header structure; thanks to Jonathan McGowan for reversing and documenting this format
4 string TP-LINK\x20Technologies TP-Link firmware header,
!:mime firmware/tp-link
#>-4 lelong x header version: %d,
>0x94 beshort x firmware version: %d.
>0x96 beshort x \b%d.
>0x98 beshort x \b%d,
>0x18 string x image version: "%s",
#>0x74 belong x image size: %d bytes,
>0x3C belong x product ID: 0x%X,
>0x40 belong x product version: %d,
>0x70 ubelong x kernel load address: 0x%X,
>0x74 ubelong x kernel entry point: 0x%X,
>0x7C ubelong x kernel offset: %d,
>0x80 ubelong x kernel length: %d,
>0x84 ubelong x rootfs offset: %d,
>0x88 ubelong x rootfs length: %d,
>0x8C ubelong x bootloader offset: %d,
>0x90 ubelong x bootloader length: %d
# Header format from: http://skaya.enix.org/wiki/FirmwareFormat
0 string \x36\x00\x00\x00 Broadcom 96345 firmware header, header size: 256,
!:mime firmware/broadcom
>4 string !Broadcom
>>4 string !\x20\x20\x20\x20 {invalid}
>41 beshort !0x2020
>>41 beshort !0x0000
>>>41 string x firmware version: "%.4s",
>45 beshort !0x0202
>>45 beshort !0x0000
>>>45 string x board id: "%s",
>236 ubelong x ~CRC32 header checksum: 0x%X,
>216 ubelong x ~CRC32 data checksum: 0x%X
# Xerox MFP DLM signatures
0 string %%XRXbegin Xerox DLM firmware start of header
!:mime firmware/xerox-dlm
0 string %%OID_ATT_DLM_NAME Xerox DLM firmware name:
>19 string x "%s"
0 string %%OID_ATT_DLM_VERSION Xerox DLM firmware version:
>22 string x "%s"
0 string %%XRXend Xerox DLM firmware end of header
# Sercomm firmware header
0 string sErCoMm Sercomm firmware signature,
!:mime firmware/sercomm
>7 leshort x version control: %d,
>9 leshort x download control: %d,
>11 string x hardware ID: "%s",
>44 uleshort x hardware version: 0x%X,
>58 uleshort x firmware version: 0x%X,
>60 uleshort x starting code segment: 0x%X,
>62 uleshort x code size: 0x%X
# NPK firmware header, used by Mikrotik
0 belong 0x1EF1D0BA NPK firmware header,
>4 lelong <0 {invalid}
>4 lelong x image size: %d,
>14 string x image name: "%s",
>(48.l+58) string x description: "%s"
# Ubiquiti firmware signatures
0 string UBNT Ubiquiti firmware header, header size: 264 bytes,
!:mime firmware/ubiquiti
>0x108 belong !0 {invalid},
>0x104 ubelong x ~CRC32: 0x%X,
>4 byte 0 {invalid},
>4 string x version: "%s"
0 string GEOS Ubiquiti firmware header, header size: 264 bytes,
!:mime firmware/ubiquiti
>0x108 belong !0 {invalid},
>0x104 ubelong x ~CRC32: 0x%X,
>4 byte 0 {invalid},
>4 string x version: "%s"
0 string OPEN Ubiquiti firmware header, third party,
!:mime firmware/ubiquiti
>0x108 belong !0 {invalid},
>0x104 ubelong x ~CRC32: 0x%X,
>4 byte 0 {invalid},
>4 string x version: "%s"
4 string \x00\x00\x00\x00PART Ubiquiti partition header,
!:mime firmware/ubiquiti
>0 byte x header size: 56 bytes,
>8 byte 0 {invalid}
>8 string x name: "%s",
>44 ubelong x base address: 0x%.8X,
4 string \x00\x00\x00\x00END\x2e Ubiquiti end header, header size: 12 bytes,
>12 belong !0 {invalid},
>8 ubelong x cumulative ~CRC32: 0x%.8X
# Found in DIR-100 firmware
0 string AIH0N AIH0N firmware header, header size: 48,
>12 belong x size: %d,
>8 belong !0 executable code,
>>8 belong x load address: 0x%X,
>32 string x version: "%s"
0 belong 0x5EA3A417 SEAMA firmware header, big endian,
>4 beshort !0 {invalid}
>6 beshort x meta size: %d,
>8 belong <1 {invalid}
>8 belong x image size: %d
0 lelong 0x5EA3A417 SEAMA firmware header, little endian,
>4 leshort !0 {invalid}
>6 leshort x meta size: %d,
>8 lelong <1 {invalid}
>8 lelong x image size: %d
0 belong 0x4D544443 NSP firmware header, big endian,
>16 belong <1 {invalid}
>16 belong x header size: %d,
>20 belong <1 {invalid}
>20 belong x image size: %d,
>20 belong x {size:%d}
>4 belong <1 {invalid}
>4 ubelong x kernel offset: %d,
>12 belong <1 {invalid}
>12 belong x header version: %d,
0 lelong 0x4D544443 NSP firmware header, little endian,
>16 lelong <1 {invalid}
>16 lelong x header size: %d,
>20 lelong <1 {invalid}
>20 lelong x image size: %d,
>20 lelong x {size:%d}
>4 lelong <1 {invalid}
>4 ulelong x kernel offset: %d,
>12 lelong <1 {invalid}
>12 lelong x header version: %d,
# http://www.openwiz.org/wiki/Firmware_Layout#Beyonwiz_.wrp_header_structure
0 string WizFwPkgl Beyonwiz firmware header,
>20 string x version: "%s"
0 string BLI223WJ0 Thompson/Alcatel encoded firmware,
>32 byte x version: %d.
>33 byte x \b%d.
>34 byte x \b%d.
>35 byte x \b%d,
>44 belong x size: %d,
>48 ubelong x crc: 0x%.8X,
>35 byte x try decryption tool from:
>35 byte x http://download.modem-help.co.uk/mfcs-A/Alcatel/Modems/Misc/
16 string \xd9\x54\x93\x7a\x68\x04\x4a\x44\x81\xce\x0b\xf6\x17\xd8\x90\xdf UEFI PI firmware volume
# http://android.stackexchange.com/questions/23357/\
# is-there-a-way-to-look-inside-and-modify-an-adb-backup-created-file/\
# 23608#23608
0 string ANDROID\040BACKUP\n Android Backup
>15 string 1\n \b, version 1
>17 string 0\n \b, uncompressed
>17 string 1\n \b, compressed
>19 string none\n \b, unencrypted
>19 string AES-256\n \b, encrypted AES-256
# http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=47818657
8 string imgARMcC Roku aimage SB
# Boot ROM images for Sun/Cobalt Linux server appliances
0 string Cobalt\ Networks\ Inc.\nFirmware\ v Paged Sun/COBALT boot rom,
>38 string x version: "%.4s"
# Simple eCos string signatures
0 string ecos eCos RTOS string reference:
>0 string x "%s"
0 string eCos eCos RTOS string reference:
>0 string x "%s"
0 string ECOS eCos RTOS string reference:
>0 string x "%s"
# ZyXEL config signatures
6 string dbgarea ZyXEL rom-0 configuration block, name: "%s",
>16 ubeshort x compressed size: %d,
>14 ubeshort x uncompressed size: %d,
>18 ubeshort+16 x data offset from start of block: %d
6 string spt.dat ZyXEL rom-0 configuration block, name: "%s",
>16 ubeshort x compressed size: %d,
>14 ubeshort x uncompressed size: %d,
>18 ubeshort+16 x data offset from start of block: %d
6 string autoexec.net ZyXEL rom-0 configuration block, name: "%s",
>16 ubeshort x compressed size: %d,
>14 ubeshort x uncompressed size: %d,
>18 ubeshort+16 x data offset from start of block: %d
# Obfuscated Arcadyan firmware
0x68 string \x00\xD5\x08 Obfuscated Arcadyan firmware,
>0x6B byte !0 {invalid} signature trailing byte [0x%X],{invalid}
# None of the known Arcadyan signatures bytes have a NULL byte
>0 byte 0 {invalid}
>1 byte 0 {invalid}
>2 byte 0 {invalid}
>3 byte 0 {invalid}
>0 ubelong x signature bytes: 0x%X,
>0x70 string !\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 {invalid} padding bytes{invalid}
# Digi firmware images
0xC0 string Digi Digi International firmware,
>0xC8 beshort !0x4253
>>0xC8 beshort !0x4950
>>>0xC8 beshort !0x4944
>>>>0xC8 beshort !0x444f
>>>>>0xC8 beshort !0x4443
>>>>>>0xC8 beshort !0x4f53
>>>>>>>0xC8 beshort !0x4f43
>>>>>>>>0xC8 beshort !0x4646
>>>>>>>>>0xC8 beshort !0x5350 {invalid}invalid header,
>0xD4 ubelong x load address: 0x%.8X,
>0xDC ubelong x entry point: 0x%.8X,
# Lancom firmware signatures, courtesy of christophvw
0 string ELSF LANCOM firmware header,
!:mime firmware/lancom
>22 string x model: "%s",
>18 string x firmware version: "%.4s",
>12 ubyte 255 Rel,
>12 ubyte 253 alpha,
>12 ubyte 220 PR,
>12 ubyte >0
>>12 ubyte <220 RC%d,
>12 ubyte >220
>>12 ubyte-220 <237 RU%d,
>12 ubyte 0 dev
>17 ubyte >0
>>17 ubyte x build %d
#get build date
>7 ubyte !63
#date is stored as string
>>7 string x ("%.8s")
0 string ELSO LANCOM OEM file
0 string ELSB LANCOM firmware loader,
>22 string x model: "%s",
>18 string x loader version: "%.4s",
0 string ELSC LANCOM WWAN firmware
>4 ubyte 3
>>5 beshort 0
>>7 string x \b, "%s"
0 string ELSP LANCOM file entry
>(198.L+202) belong !2
>>(198.L+202) belong !3 {invalid}
>202 string @(RECENT_FIRMWARE)/ \b, file name:
>>221 string x "%s"
>>221 string x \b{name:%s}
>(198.L+202) belong 2
>>(198.L+206) belong <1 {invalid}
>>(198.L+206) belong x \b, file size: %d bytes
>>(198.L+206) belong x \b{size:%d}
>(198.L+202) belong 3
>>&4 string @(RECENT_FIRMWARE)/ \b, alias:
>>&23 string x "%s"
>>(&0.L+4) belong x \b, file size: %d bytes
# QNAP encrypted firmware
0 string icpnas QNAP encrypted firmware footer
>10 string x , model: %s
>26 string x , version: %s
>42 uleshort !0
>>42 string x , date: %s
# Mediatek
0 string SF_BOOT\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 Mediatek Serial Flash Image
>12 lelong <1 {invalid}
>12 lelong >1 {invalid}
>12 lelong x Version %d
0 string EMMC_BOOT\x00\x00\x00 Mediatek EMMC Flash Image
>12 lelong <1 {invalid}
>12 lelong >1 {invalid}
>12 lelong x Version %d
0 string NOR_BOOT\x00\x00\x00\x00 Mediatek NOR Flash Image
>12 lelong <1 {invalid}
>12 lelong >1 {invalid}
>12 lelong x Version %d
0 string BRLYT\x00\x00\x00 Mediatek Boot Header
>8 lelong <1 {invalid}
>8 lelong >1 {invalid}
>8 lelong x Version %d
0 string BBBB Boot section{overlap}
>8 lelong x Start 0x%X
>12 lelong x End 0x%X
>16 lelong &0x1 Load-by-Bootrom
>16 lelong &0x80000000 Internal-RAM
>16 lelong &0x7ffffff0 {invalid}
0 string FILE_INFO\x00\x00\x00 Mediatek File Info
>12 lelong <1 {invalid}
>12 lelong >1 {invalid}
>16 leshort 0 File Type: NONE
>16 leshort 1 File Type: ARM-Bootloader
>16 leshort 2 File Type: ARM-External-Bootloader
>16 leshort 10 File Type: Root-Certificate
>16 leshort 256 File Type: Primary-MAUI
>16 leshort 264 File Type: VIVA
>16 leshort 769 File Type: SECURE_RO_ME
>18 byte 0 Flash Type: NONE
>18 byte 1 Flash Type: NOR Flash
>18 byte 2 Flash Type: NAND Sequential Flash
>18 byte 3 Flash Type: NAND_TTBL
>18 byte 4 Flash Type: NAND_FDM50
>18 byte 5 EMMC-Boot-Region
>18 byte 6 EMMC-Data-Region
>18 byte 7 Flash Type: Serial Flash
>18 byte 255 Flash Type: Device-End
>18 byte >20 {invalid}
>19 byte 0 No Signature
>19 byte 1 Signature Type: PHASH
>19 byte 2 Signature Type: SINGLE
>19 byte 3 Signature Type: SINGLE and PHASH
>19 byte 4 Signature Type: MULTI
>19 byte 5 Signature Type: TYPE_NUM
>19 byte 255 Signature Type: TYE_END
>19 byte >20 {invalid}
>20 lelong x Load Address: 0x%X
>24 lelong x File Length: %d
>28 lelong x Maximum Size: %d
>32 lelong x Content Offset: 0x%X
>36 lelong x Signature Length: %d
>40 lelong x Jump Offset: %d
>44 lelong &0x1 POST_BUILD_DONE
>44 lelong &0x2 XIP (Execute In Place)
>44 lelong &0x4 SLT
>44 lelong &0xffffff00 {invalid}
# Android bootimg
# https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core.git/+/master/mkbootimg/bootimg.h
0 string ANDROID! Android bootimg
>8 ulelong x \b, kernel size: %d bytes
>12 ulelong x \b, kernel addr: 0x%X
>16 ulelong x \b, ramdisk size: %d bytes
>20 ulelong x \b, ramdisk addr: 0x%X
>48 string x \b, product name: "%s"
# UBI Image
0 lelong 0x23494255
>0x04 leshort <2
>0x05 string \0\0\0
>0x1c string \0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
>0x04 leshort x UBI image, version %u
!:mime firmware/ubi-image
# Frontier Silicon ISU
0 string \x76\x11\x0\x0\x7c\x0\x0\x0\x01\x0\x0\x0 Frontier Silicon IR2.x image
!:mime firmware/fs-isu
>0x0c string x \b, version: %s
# Hard Drives
# Seagate LOD
0x0e string \x07\x00\x80\x01\x00 Seagate LOD
!:mime firmware/seagate-lod
# Western Digital ROYL
0 string ROYL Western Digital ROYL
!:mime firmware/wd-royl
# Western Digital flash ROM
0 regex Z.{2}\x00\x00
>0x20 byte 0x01
>>0x40 byte 0x02 Western Digital Flash ROM
!:mime firmware/wd-flash-rom
# Toshiba "CD2" Firmware
0 string \xD5\xBF\x98\x12\x01 Toshiba CD2
!:mime firmware/toshiba-cd2
# D-Link HAD
0x60 string \x46\x4C\x41\x53\x48\x5F\x30\x32 D-Link HAD
!:mime firmware/dlink-had